[Video] What Percent Complete Is That Index Build?
SQL Server 2017 & newer have a new DMV, sys.index_resumable_operations, that show you the percent_completion for index creations and rebuilds. It works, but...only if the data isn't changing. But of course your data is changing - that's the whole point of doing these operations as resumable. If they weren't changing, we could just let the operations finish.