T-SQL

How to Pass a List of Values Into a Stored Procedure

February 13, 2020

Say we have a stored procedure that queries the Stack Overflow Users table to find people in a given location. Here’s what the table looks like: And here’s what my starting stored procedure looks like: Transact-SQL CREATE OR ALTER PROC dbo.usp_SearchUsersByLocation @SearchLocation NVARCHAR(40) AS SELECT * FROM dbo.Users WHERE Location = @SearchLocation ORDER BY DisplayName;…

How to Remove Times from Dates in SQL Server

January 29, 2020

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

Say that you’ve got a table with a datetime column in it, like the LastAccessDate column in the Stack Overflow Users table: And let’s say you wanna find the users who last accessed the site on September 9, 2018 – regardless of the time. Here are a few ways to do it: Transact-SQL SELECT *…

Cool Query Hints

January 23, 2020

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

The SQL Server documentation has a pretty cool list of query hints: Yeah, I surf in dark mode. I’m a dark kinda guy. But wait – what’s that colored box? ENHANCE! I could make jokes here, but … every single thing in that caution is true. SQL Server really does typically select the best execution…

[Video] You shouldn’t dynamically create/alter/drop triggers.

January 7, 2020

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

Let’s get one thing out of the way first: this isn’t about the relative good or evil of triggers. I kinda like triggers, in fact – they’re good for enforcing business logic in a hurry when you can’t redo code across an entire application. Sure, in a perfect world, we’d always have the code do…

What’s Better, CTEs or Temp Tables?

June 6, 2019

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

I get this question a lot, so let’s set up an example with the Stack Overflow database. My query’s goal is to: Find the top 5 Locations List the users who live in those top 5 Locations, alphabetized by their DisplayName There are a LOT of ways I could write this query, but for the…

Scalar function execution plans, SQL Server 2017

User-defined scalar functions suck – even when they don’t access data.

May 28, 2019

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

The performance of scalar functions sucks hard. Let’s see it in action using the Stack Overflow database – any size will work. I’ll set things up first in case you want to follow along: Transact-SQL USE StackOverflow2013; GO ALTER DATABASE CURRENT SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 140; GO EXEC DropIndexes; GO EXEC sp_configure 'cost threshold', 5; EXEC…

The Silent Bug I Find in Most Triggers

May 6, 2019

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

Get Notebook – FAQ I don’t have a problem with triggers. They get the job done when you need to implement business logic in a hurry, and you’re not allowed to change the application. As long as you keep the number of statements to a minimum (say, 2-3), and don’t try to do something really…

Finding Froid’s Limits: Testing Inlined User-Defined Functions

April 11, 2019

Brent Ozar

Execution Plans, SQL Server 2019, T-SQL

This week, I’ve been writing about how SQL Server 2019’s bringing a few new features to mitigate parameter sniffing, but they’re more complex than they appear at first glance: adaptive memory grants, air_quote_actual plans, and adaptive joins. Today, let’s talk about another common cause of wildly varying durations for a single query: user-defined functions. Scalar…

Should we use stored procedures or queries built in the app?

March 27, 2019

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

A client asked a great architecture question that deserved its own blog post: Should we use more “stored procedures” for select, insert, update, delete or should that just be sent as queries from the application? If you ask a junior database administrator where to put something, she’ll probably say “in the database” because that’s the…

Watch Brent Tune Queries: Fixing Nested Functions

January 24, 2019

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

When I do performance tuning for clients, I really pride myself on making as few changes as possible in order to make a tremendous difference. I consider it a failure when I have to tell someone to rewrite a bunch of queries from scratch. However, there are some cases where I just can’t work around…

Tuning Dynamic SQL by Hand with Short Circuits

January 23, 2019

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

When we think about building dynamic SQL, we usually think about a stored procedure like this that takes input parameters, builds a string, and then executes that string. Here’s a simple example: Transact-SQL CREATE OR ALTER PROC dbo.usp_SearchUsers @SearchDisplayName NVARCHAR(40) = NULL, @SearchLocation NVARCHAR(100) = NULL, @SearchReputation INT = NULL AS BEGIN DECLARE @StringToExecute NVARCHAR(4000);…

Do Functions Stop You From Using Indexes?

December 20, 2018

Brent Ozar

Indexing, T-SQL

Say I’ve got a function in my WHERE clause: Transact-SQL SELECT DisplayName FROM dbo.Users WHERE LTRIM(RTRIM(DisplayName)) = 'Brent Ozar'; 123 SELECT DisplayName FROM dbo.Users WHERE LTRIM(RTRIM(DisplayName)) = 'Brent Ozar'; If I have an index on DisplayName, will SQL Server use it? Sure: Function in the WHERE clause Even though SQL Server can’t seek to “Brent Ozar,” it will…

What Is SQL Injection?

December 1, 2018

Brent Ozar

T-SQL

Say we have a stored procedure that queries the Stack Overflow database. We have two separate parameters, @DisplayName and @Location, so folks can search for people by name, location, or both. For performance reasons, we decide to build dynamic SQL: Transact-SQL CREATE OR ALTER PROC dbo.UserSearch @DisplayName NVARCHAR(40) = NULL, @Location NVARCHAR(100) = NULL AS…

What’s New in SQL Server 2019: Faster Functions

November 7, 2018

Brent Ozar

SQL Server 2019, T-SQL

A while back, we talked you through a public whitepaper about how Microsoft was working on making user-defined functions go faster. Now that the preview of SQL Server 2019 is out, you can start getting your hands on Froid, the performance-boosting feature. Here’s the documentation on it – let’s see how it works. Using the…

SUM, AVG, and arithmetic overflow

October 30, 2018

Erik Darling

T-SQL

You Shoulda Brought A Bigger Int Sometimes you run a query, and everything goes fine. For a while. For example, if I run this query in the 2010 copy of Stack Overflow, it finishes pretty quickly, and without error. Transact-SQL SELECT u.Id, u.DisplayName, SUM(p.Score) AS SumPostScore, AVG(c.Score) AS SumCommentScore FROM dbo.Users AS u JOIN dbo.Posts…

What’s New in SQL Server 2019: Faster Table Variables (And New Parameter Sniffing Issues)

September 24, 2018

Brent Ozar

SQL Server 2019, T-SQL

For over a decade, SQL Server’s handling of table variables has been legendarily bad. I’ve long used this Stack Overflow query from Sam Saffron to illustrate terrible cardinality estimation: Transact-SQL declare @VoteStats table (PostId int, up int, down int) insert @VoteStats select PostId, up = sum(case when VoteTypeId = 2 then 1 else 0 end), down…

How to Check for Non-Existence of Rows

August 9, 2018

Brent Ozar

Execution Plans, T-SQL

You’re writing a query, and you wanna check to see if rows exist in a table. I’m using the free Stack Overflow database, and I wanna find all of the users who have not left a comment. The tables involved are: In dbo.Users, the Id field uniquely identifies a user. In dbo.Comments, there’s a UserId field…

Stupid T-SQL Tricks

June 6, 2018

Brent Ozar

Bad Idea Jeans, T-SQL

Presented without comment: Transact-SQL CREATE TABLE dbo.[FROM] ([SELECT] INT, [WHERE] INT, [LIKE] INT); GO SELECT [SELECT] FROM [FROM] WHERE [WHERE] LIKE [LIKE]; GO 1234 CREATE TABLE dbo.[FROM] ([SELECT] INT, [WHERE] INT, [LIKE] INT);GOSELECT [SELECT] FROM [FROM] WHERE [WHERE] LIKE [LIKE];GO Next up, can you break up a query with spaces? Yep: Transact-SQL SELECT * FROM…

How to Reduce the CPU Overhead of Dynamic SQL

May 23, 2018

Tara Kizer

Development, T-SQL

Dynamic SQL is a good choice for catch-all type queries, but you have to be careful how you execute the dynamic string. For frequently executed queries, “EXEC sp_executesql @sql”is a good choice but at the risk of encountering parameter sniffing issues. For queries that aren’t executed very often, “EXEC (@sql)” can be used, but you…

Quick Tips For Debugging Large Stored Procedures

May 16, 2018

Erik Darling

T-SQL

Hell Here! Get Your Fresh Hell, Here! Let’s face it — as far as developer tools go, SSMS is pretty bad. Intellisense? The jokes write themselves. Don’t get me wrong, SSMS is a good management tool, but it’s not a good development tool (and what kind of maniac sticks debug — F6 — next to execute —…